Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudya dziri kuyedzwa nguva dzose kuti dzivandudze mhando yenyama yenyama yehuku dzenyama. Betaine ine hunyanzvi hwakakosha hwekuvandudza mhando yenyama sezvo ichiita basa rakakosha mukudzora kuenzana kwe osmotic, metabolism yezvinovaka muviri uye kugona kwe antioxidant kwehuku dzenyama dzenyama dzenyama dzenyama dzenyama. Asi inofanira kupihwa muchimiro chipi kuti iwane mabhenefiti ayo ese?

Muongororo yakabudiswa muPoultry Science munguva pfupi yapfuura, vaongorori vakaedza kupindura mubvunzo uri pamusoro apa nekuenzanisa kukura kwehuku dzenyama nemhando mbiri dzehuku dzemhando iyi.betaine: anhydrous betaine uye hydrochloride betaine.

Betaine inowanikwa zvakanyanya sechikafu chinowedzerwa muchimiro chakacheneswa nemakemikari. Mhando dzakakurumbira dze betaine yemhando yepamusoro yekudya ianhydrous betaine nehydrochloride betaine. Nekuwedzera kwekudya nyama yehuku, nzira dzekurima dzakanyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira huku dzehuku kuti dzivandudze goho. Zvisinei, kugadzirwa uku kwakasimba kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa pahuku dzehuku, senge kugara zvakanaka uye kudzikira kwemhando yenyama.

Imwe nzira inoshanda yekurwisa mabhakitiriya muhuku

Zvinopesana zvakafanana ndezvekuti kuvandudza mararamiro zvinoreva kuti vatengi vanotarisira kuravira kuri nani uye zvigadzirwa zvenyama zvemhando yepamusoro. Nokudaro, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudya dzakaedzwa kuvandudza mhando yenyama yehuku dzenyama umo betaine yakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemabasa ayo ekudya uye emuviri.

Anhydrous vs. hydrochloride

Manyuko anowanzo kuwanikwa e betaine ishuga beet nezvimwe zvinobva mairi, zvakaita se molasses. Kunyange zvakadaro, betaine inowanikwawo sechikafu chinowedzera mhando dzekudya dzinozivikanwa zvikuru.betaineine betaine isina mvura uye betaine yehydrochloride.

Kazhinji, betaine, semupi wemethyl, inoita basa rakakosha mukudzora kuenzana kwe osmotic, metabolism yezvinovaka muviri uye kugona kwe antioxidant kwehuku dzehuku. Nekuda kwemaumbirwo akasiyana emamorekuru, anhydrous betaine inoratidza kunyungudika kukuru mumvura zvichienzaniswa ne hydrochloride betaine, nokudaro ichiwedzera kugona kwayo osmotic. Kusiyana neizvi, hydrochloride betaine inokonzera kudzikira kwepH mudumbu, nokudaro zvichikanganisa kutorwa kwezvinovaka muviri nenzira yakasiyana neanhydrous betaine.

Kudya

Chidzidzo ichi chakaronga kuongorora mhedzisiro yemhando mbiri dze betaine (anhydrous betaine ne hydrochloride betaine) pakukura kwemhuka, kunaka kwenyama uye kugona kwayo kurwisa mabhakitiriya. Huwandu hwehuku dzehurume dzehurume dzinosvika mazana mana dzakakamurwa zvisina tsarukano mumapoka mashanu uye dzakapihwa kudya kushanu panguva yekuedza kudya kwemazuva makumi mashanu nemaviri.

Manyuko maviri e betaine akagadzirwa kuti ave akaenzana. Kudya kwacho kwaive seizvi.
Kudzora: Huku dzenyama dzemombe dziri muboka rekutonga dzakapihwa chikafu chekudya kwechibage nesoya
Kudya kweAnhydrous betaine: Kudya kwekutanga kunowedzerwa nemazinga maviri ehuwandu hwe500 ne1,000 mg/kg anhydrous betaine
Kudya kweHydrochloride betaine: Kudya kwekutanga kunowedzerwa nemazinga maviri ehuwandu hwe642.23 uye 1284.46 mg/kg yehydrochloride betaine.

Kukura uye goho renyama

Muchidzidzo ichi, kudya kwakawedzerwa ne anhydrous betaine yakawanda kwakavandudza zvakanyanya kuwedzera uremu, kudya chikafu, kuderedza FCR uye kwakawedzera goho retsandanyama dzezamu nedzechidya kana zvichienzaniswa nemapoka e hydrochloride betaine. Kuwedzera kwekukura kwakabatanawo nekuwedzera kweprotein yakaonekwa mutsandanyama dzezamu: Anhydrous betaine yakawanda yakawedzera zvakanyanya (ne4.7%) mutsandanyama dzezamu ukuwo hydrochloride betaine yakawanda yakawedzera huwandu hwe crude tsandanyama dzezamu (ne3.9%).

Zvakataurwa kuti izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuti betaine inogona kutora chikamu mu methionine cycle kuti ichengetedze methionine nekushanda semupi we methyl, saka methionine yakawanda inogona kushandiswa pakugadzira mapuroteni emhasuru. Izvi zvakapihwawo kune basa re betaine mukudzora myogenic gene expression uye nzira ye insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling iyo inobatsira kuwedzera kwekuisa mapuroteni emhasuru.

Pamusoro pezvo, zvakaratidzwa kuti anhydrous betaine inonaka zvinotapira, nepo hydrochloride betaine inonaka zvinovava, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kunaka kwechikafu uye kudya kwehuku dzehuku. Uyezve, maitiro ekugaya uye kunyudza zvinovaka muviri zvinoenderana ne epithelium yemudumbu isina kukuvadzwa, saka kugona kwe betaine kwe osmotic kunogona kukanganisa kugaya. Anhydrous betaine inoratidza kugona kwe osmotic kuri nani pane hydrochloride betaine nekuda kwekunyungudika kwayo kwakanyanya. Nokudaro, huku dzehuku dzinopihwa anhydrous betaine dzinogona kunge dziine kugona kwekugaya kuri nani kupfuura dzakapihwa hydrochloride betaine.

Kuongororwa kwemhasuru mushure mekufa kwemhuka uye kugona kwayo kurwisa mabhakitiriya zviratidzo zviviri zvakakosha zvemhando yenyama. Mushure mekubuda ropa, kumira kweokisijeni kunochinja mashandiro emhasuru. Ipapo glycolysis yeanaerobic inoitika uye inoita kuti lactic acid iunganidzwe.

Muchidzidzo ichi, kudya kwakawedzerwa ne anhydrous betaine yakawanda kwakadzikisa zvakanyanya huwandu hwe lactate mutsandanyama dzezamu. Kuunganidzwa kwe lactic acid ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekudzikira kwe pH yetsandanyama mushure mekuurayiwa. Kuwanda kwe pH yetsandanyama dzezamu ne betaine yakawanda muchidzidzo ichi kwakaratidza kuti betaine inogona kukanganisa glycolysis yetsandanyama mushure mekufa kuderedza kuunganidzwa kwe lactate uye protein denaturation, izvo zvinoderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura.

Kuoxidation kwenyama, kunyanya lipid peroxidation, ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekudzikira kwemhando yenyama izvo zvinoderedza kukosha kwekudya uku zvichikonzera matambudziko ekuumbwa kwayo. Muchidzidzo ichi, kudya kwakawedzerwa ne betaine yakawanda kwakaderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hweMDA mutsandanyama dzemazamu nedzezvidya, zvichiratidza kuti betaine inogona kuderedza kukuvara kwe oxidative.

Kuratidzwa kwemRNA kwemajini ane antioxidant (Nrf2 neHO-1) kwakawedzera zvakanyanya muboka re anhydrous betaine kupfuura nekudya kwe hydrochloride betaine, zvichiratidza kuvandudzika kukuru musimba re antioxidant remhasuru.

Chipimo chinokurudzirwa

Kubva muchidzidzo ichi, vaongorori vakagumisa kuti anhydrous betaine inoratidza mhedzisiro iri nani pane hydrochloride betaine mukuvandudza mashandiro ekukura uye kubereka tsandanyama dzemazamu muhuku dzebroiler. Anhydrous betaine (1,000 mg/kg) kana equimolar hydrochloride betaine supplementation inogonawo kuvandudza mhando yenyama yehuku dzebroilers nekuderedza huwandu hwe lactate kuti iwedzere pH yetsandanyama, zvichikanganisa kugoverwa kwemvura yenyama kuderedza kurasikirwa nemadonhwe, uye kuwedzera kugona kwe antioxidant yetsandanyama. Tichifunga nezvekushanda kwekukura uye mhando yenyama, 1,000 mg/kg anhydrous betaine yakakurudzirwa kune huku dzebroilers.