Betaine, kungofanana necholine nemethionine, inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kweboka remethyl muchiropa uye inopa boka rayo remethyl rakasiyana kuti rigadzire zvinhu zvakakosha zvemetabolic zvakaita secarnitine, creatine nemahormone (Ona Mufananidzo 1)

 

Choline, methionine uye betaine zvese zvine chekuita ne metabolism yeboka re methyl. Saka, kuwedzerwa kwe betaine kunogona kuderedza zvinodiwa kune vamwe vanopa boka re methyl. Nekuda kweizvozvo, imwe yekushandiswa kunozivikanwa kwe betaine muchikafu chemhuka kutsiva (chikamu che) choline chloride uye kuwedzerwa methionine muchikafu. Zvichienderana nemitengo yemusika, kutsiva uku kazhinji kunochengetedza mari yechikafu, ukuwo kuchichengetedza mhedzisiro yekushanda.

Kana betaine ikashandiswa kutsiva mamwe mamethyldonors, betaine inoshandiswa sechinhu chinowanikwa, zvichireva kuti chiyero che betaine mukugadzirwa kwechikafu chinogona kusiyana uye zvinoenderana nemitengo yezvinhu zvine chekuita nazvo zvakaita secholine nemethionine. Asi, betaine inopfuura kungopa methyl chete uye kuiswa kwe betaine muchikafu kunofanirwa kutariswa senzira yekuvandudza mashandiro.

Betaine semushonga unodzivirira

Kunze kwebasa rayo se methyldonor, betaine inoshanda se osmoregulator. Kana betaine isingagayiwe nechiropa mu methyl group metabolism, inowanikwa kuti masero aishandise se organic osmolyte.

Semushonga we osmolyte, betaine inowedzera kuchengetedza mvura mukati memasero, asi zvakare, inodzivirirawo masero akaita semapuroteni, ma enzymes uye DNA. Iyi nzira yekudzivirira betaine yakakosha zvikuru kumasero ane dambudziko re osmotic. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwavo hwe betaine mukati memasero, masero ane dambudziko anogona kuchengetedza zviri nani mabasa avo emasero akadai sekugadzirwa kwema enzyme, kudzokororwa kweDNA uye kuwanda kwemasero. Nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kuri nani kwebasa remasero, betaine inogona kuva nekukwanisa kuvandudza mashandiro emhuka kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu ekumanikidzwa (kupisa, dambudziko re coccidiosis, munyu wemvura, nezvimwewo). Kuwedzera betaine muchikafu kwakaratidza kuti kunobatsira mumamiriro akasiyana uye kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka.

Migumisiro yakanaka ye betaine

Pamwe chinhu chinonyanya kudzidzwa nezvemhedzisiro yakanaka ye betaine kushushikana nekupisa. Mhuka zhinji dzinogara munzvimbo dzinopisa kupfuura nzvimbo yadzinonyaradzwa nayo nekupisa, zvichikonzera kushushikana nekupisa.

Kushushikana nekupisa chirwere chinowanzoitika apo zvakakosha kuti mhuka dzigadzirise mvura yadzo. Nekugona kwayo kushanda semushonga wekudzivirira, betaine inoderedza kushushikana nekupisa sezvinoratidzwa semuenzaniso nekudzikira kwekupisa kwetsvina uye kusafema zvakanyanya muhuku dzehuku.

Kuderedza kupisa kwemhuka kunoita kuti kudya kwadzo kuwedzere uye kunobatsira kuchengetedza mashandiro adzo. Kwete chete mumhuka dzinodya huku, asiwo mumombe dzinodyara mombe, tsuro, mombe dzinodya mukaka nemombe, mishumo inoratidza kuti betaine inobatsira pakuchengetedza mashandiro adzo panguva yekupisa pamwe nekunyorova kwakanyanya. Zvakare, kuti itsigire hutano hwedumbu, betaine inogona kubatsira. Masero emudumbu anogara achisangana nehuwandu hwe hyperosmotic mudumbu uye kana paine manyoka, dambudziko re osmotic kumasero aya richatowedzera. Betaine yakakosha pakudzivirira osmotic masero emudumbu.

Kuchengetedza kuenzana kwemvura uye huwandu hwemasero kuburikidza nekuunganidzwa kwe betaine mumasero kunoita kuti chimiro chemudumbu chive nani uye kuti kugaya chikafu kuve nani (nekuda kwekubuda kwema enzyme zvakanaka uye kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yekudya inodya zvinovaka muviri). Migumisiro yakanaka ye betaine pahutano hwemudumbu inonyanya kuoneka mumhuka dzine matambudziko: semuenzaniso huku dzine coccidiosis nenguruve dzichiri kuyamwisa.

Betaine inozivikanwawo semugadziri wezvitunha. Mabasa akawanda e betaine ane basa guru mukugadzirwa kwemapuroteni, simba uye mafuta emhuka. Muhuku nenguruve, goho guru renyama yemazamu uye goho guru renyama isina mafuta, zvakataurwa muzvidzidzo zvakawanda zvesainzi. Kufamba kwemafuta kunoitawo kuti mafuta adzikire muzvitunha, zvichivandudza kunaka kwezvitunha.

Betaine semushonga unovandudza mashandiro emuviri

Zvese zvakanaka zvakataurwa nezve betaine zvinoratidza kukosha kwezvinovaka muviri izvi. Saka kuwedzera betaine mukudya kunofanirwa kutariswa, kwete sechinhu chinotsiva mamwe mamethyldonors uye kuchengetedza mari yekudya, asiwo sechinhu chinobatsira pakuchengetedza hutano hwemhuka nekushanda zvakanaka.

Musiyano uripo pakati pekushandiswa kwemishonga iyi miviri ndewemuyero. Semushonga wemethyldonor, betaine inowanzo shandiswa mukudya pachiyero che500ppm kana kutomboderera. Kuti zviwedzere kushanda zvakanaka, mishonga ye1000-kusvika-2000ppm betaine inoshandiswa. Mishonga iyi yakakwira inokonzera kuti betaine isagayiwe mumuviri wemhuka, inotenderera mumuviri wemhuka, kuti itore masero kuti adzidzivirire kubva mukushushikana (osmotic) uye nekudaro inotsigira hutano nekushanda zvakanaka kwemhuka.

Mhedziso

Betaine ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana emhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka. Muchikafu chemhuka, betaine inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chekuchengetedza mari yezvikafu, asi inogonawo kuiswa mukudya kuti ivandudze hutano hwemhuka uye kusimudzira mashandiro. Kunyanya mazuva ano, patinoedza kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kutsigira hutano hwemhuka kwakakosha zvikuru. Betaine inofanirwa kuiswa pane runyorwa rwemamwe macompounds anobatsira pakuchengetedza hutano hwemhuka.