Betaine, inozivikanwawo se glycine trimethyl internal salt, chinhu chisina chepfu uye chisina njodzi, quaternary amine alkaloid. Ichena prismatic kana jira rakaita sekristaro ine molecular formula c5h12no2, molecular weight ye118 uye melting point ye293 ℃. Inonaka inotapira uye chinhu chakafanana nemavitamini. Ine hunyoro hwakasimba uye iri nyore kunyudza hunyoro uye deliquesce patembiricha yemumba. Rudzi rwe hydrated runonyungudika mumvura, methanol uye ethanol, uye runonyungudika zvishoma mu ether. Betaine ine chimiro chakasimba chemakemikari, inogona kumira tembiricha yakakwira ye200 ℃ uye ine resistance yakasimba ye oxidation. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kutibetaineinogona kutsiva chikamu chemethionine mukushandiswa kwemetabolism yemhuka.

Betaineinogona kutsiva methionine zvachose mukuwanikwa kwemethyl. Kune rumwe rutivi, methionine inoshandiswa se substrate kugadzira mapuroteni, uye kune rumwe rutivi, inobata basa mu metabolism yemethyl semupi wemethyl.Betaineinogona kukurudzira kushanda kwe betaine homocysteine ​​methyltransferase muchiropa uye kupa active methyl pamwe chete, kuitira kuti methionine demethylation product homocysteine ​​inogona methylated kugadzira methionine kubva pakutanga, kuitira kuti irambe ichipa methyl yemetabolism yemuviri nehuwandu hushoma hwe methionine semutakuri uye betaine se methyl source. Zvadaro, methionine yakawanda inoshandiswa kugadzira mapuroteni, ayo anogona kuchengetedza methionine uye kushandisa simba. Pamwe chete, betaine inoderedzwa zvakanyanya mushure mekusanganiswa methyl kuti igadzire serine neglycine, uye yobva yawedzera huwandu hweamino acids muropa (kamoun, 1986).

Betaine yakawedzera huwandu hwemethionine, serine uye glycine muropa. Puchala nevamwe. Yakava nemigumisiro yakafanana pakuedza pamakwai. Betaine inogona kuwedzera amino acids dzakadai searginine, methionine, leucine uye glycine muropa uye huwandu hwese hweamino acids muropa, uye yobva yakanganisa kuburitswa kweauxin;Betaineinogona kukurudzira kushandurwa kweaspartic acid kuita n-methylaspartic acid (NMA) kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwakasimba kwemethyl metabolism, uye NMA inogona kukanganisa kuumbwa uye kubviswa kweauxin mu hypothalamus, uye ipapo huwandu hweauxin mumuviri.