I. Pfupiso yeBasa reCore
Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate (TMAO·2H₂O) chinhu chakakosha chekuwedzera chikafu chinoshanda mukurima hove. Pakutanga chakawanikwa sechinhu chakakosha chinokwezva kudya muhupfu hwehove. Zvisinei, nekutsvaga kwakadzama, mabasa akakosha emuviri akaonekwa, zvichiita kuti ive chishandiso chakakosha chekuvandudza hutano nekukura kwemhuka dzemumvura.

II. Mashandisirwo Makuru uye Nzira Dzekuita Nadzo

1. Chinhu Chinokwezva Kudya Nesimba
Iri ndiro basa reTMAO rinozivikanwa zvikuru uye rinozivikanwa.

• Maitiro: Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvemumvura, kunyanyahove dzemugungwa,Zvisikwa zvine huwandu hwakawanda hweTMAO, inova ndiyo sosi huru yekuravira kwehove dzemugungwa. Masikirwo ekunhuhwirira uye kuravira kwemhuka dzemumvura anonyanya kunzwa TMAO, achizviona se "chiratidzo chechikafu".
• Mhedzisiro:
  • Kuwedzera Kwekudya: Kuwedzera TMAO mukudya kunogona kukurudzira zvikuru chido chehove neshrimp, kunyanya panguva yekutanga kudya kana kune mhando dzakasarudzwa, zvichikurumidza kukwezva kuti dzidye.
  • Nguva Yokudyisa Yakaderedzwa: Inoderedza nguva iyo chikafu chinoramba chiri mumvura, zvichideredza kurasikirwa kwechikafu uye kusvibiswa kwemvura.
  • Kushandiswa kweZvikafu Zvimwe: Kana mapuroteni ezvirimwa (semuenzaniso, soya upfu) akashandiswa kutsiva upfu hwehove, kuwedzera TMAO kunogona kutsiva kushomeka kwekunaka uye kuwedzera kunaka kwechikafu.

2. Osmolyte (Osmotic Pressure Regulator)
Iri ibasa rinokosha reTMAO pahove dzemugungwa nehove dzemudumbu.

• Maitiro: Mvura yegungwa inzvimbo ine osmotic, zvichiita kuti mvura iri mumuviri wehove irambe ichirasika mugungwa. Kuti mvura irambe yakaenzana, hove dzemugungwa dzinonwa mvura yegungwa uye dzinounganidza maion akawanda asina kugadzirwa (semuenzaniso, Na⁺, Cl⁻). TMAO inoshanda se "solute inoenderana" inogona kurwisa mhedzisiro inokuvadza yemaion akawanda pamaumbirwo emapuroteni, zvichibatsira kudzikamisa mashandiro emapuroteni mukati memasero.
• Mhedzisiro:
  • Kuderedzwa Kwekushandiswa Kwesimba reOsmoregulatory: Kuwedzera pamwe cheteTMAOinobatsira hove dzemugungwa kudzora kumanikidzwa kwe osmotic zvinobudirira, nokudaro dzichitungamira simba rakawanda kubva "kuchengetedza hupenyu" kuenda ku "kukura nekubereka".
  • Kukwanisa Kutsungirira Kushushikana Kwakavandudzwa: Kana paine kuchinja kwemunyu kana kushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza, TMAO supplementation inobatsira kuchengetedza homeostasis yezvisikwa uye kuvandudza mwero wekurarama.

3. Chinosimbisa Mapuroteni
TMAO ine kugona kwakasiyana kwekudzivirira chimiro cheprotein chine mativi matatu.

• Maitiro: Kana paine kushushikana (semuenzaniso, tembiricha yakakwira, kushaya mvura mumuviri, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya), mapuroteni anogona kudzima kana kusashanda. TMAO inogona kusangana zvisina kunanga nemamorekuru epuroteni, zvichinyanya kubviswa muchikamu chemvura chepuroteni, nokudaro ichidzikamisa mamiriro epuroteni akapetwa uye ichidzivirira kudzima.
• Mhedzisiro:
  • Inodzivirira Hutano hweMatumbu: Panguva yekugaya, ma enzyme emudumbu anofanira kuramba achishanda. TMAO inogona kudzikamisa ma enzyme aya ekugaya, ichivandudza kugaya chikafu uye kushandiswa kwacho.
  • Inowedzera Kusagadzikana Kwepfungwa: Munguva dzekupisa kwakanyanya kana kutakurwa, apo mhuka dzemumvura dzinosangana nekumanikidzwa kwekupisa, TMAO inobatsira kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemapuroteni akasiyana-siyana anoshanda (semuenzaniso, ma enzyme, mapuroteni emuviri) mumuviri, zvichideredza kukuvara kunokonzerwa nekushushikana.

4. Inovandudza Hutano hweMatumbu uye Maumbirwo awo

• Maitiro: Mhedzisiro yeTMAO inosimudzira osmoregulatory uye inosimbisa mapuroteni pamwe chete inopa nharaunda yakadzikama yemasero emudumbu. Izvi zvinogona kukurudzira kukura kwe intestinal villi, zvichiwedzera nzvimbo inonyudza.
• Mhedzisiro:
  • Inokurudzira Kunwa Zvinovaka Muviri: Maumbirwo emudumbu ane hutano zvinoreva kugona kuri nani kunwa zvinovaka muviri, izvo zvakakosha pakuvandudza chiyero chekuchinja kwekudya.
  • Inovandudza Mashandiro Emudumbu: Inogona kubatsira kuchengetedza kusimba kwemucosa yemudumbu, ichideredza kupinda kwezvirwere netsvina.

5. Mupi weMethyl
TMAO inogona kutora chikamu mukugadzirwa kwemuviri mumuviri, ichishanda semupi wemethyl.

• Maitiro: Munguva yemetabolism,TMAO inogona kupa mapoka emethyl anoshanda, achitora chikamu muzviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakosha zve biochemical, zvakaita sekugadzirwa kwephospholipids, creatine, uye neurotransmitters.
• Mhedzisiro: Inokurudzira kukura, kunyanya panguva yekukura nekukurumidza apo kudiwa kwemapoka emethyl kunowedzera; kuwedzera kweTMAO kunogona kubatsira kuzadzisa kudiwa uku.

III. Zvinangwa zvekushandisa uye zvekufunga nezvazvo

• Zvinangwa Zvikuru zveKushandisa:
  • Hove dzemugungwa: Dzakadai se turbot, grouper, large yellow croaker, sea bass, nezvimwewo. Zvinodiwa kwavari kuti vave neTMAO zvinonyanya kukosha nekuti basa rayo re osmoregulatory harina basa.
  • Hove dzeDiadromous: Dzakadai sesalmonids (salmon), idzo dzinodawo panguva yekurima kwegungwa.
  • Zvipembenene: Zvakadai semakamba/shrimp nemakaka. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidzawo kuti TMAO ine mhedzisiro yakanaka inokwezva uye inokurudzira kukura.
  • Hove dzemumvura yakachena: Kunyange hazvo hove dzemumvura yakachena dzisingagadzire TMAO dzoga, masisitimu adzo ekunhuhwirira achiri kugona kuzviona, zvichiita kuti zvishande senzira yekukwezva kudya. Zvisinei, basa re osmoregulatory harishande mumvura yakachena.
• Chipimo uye Zvekufunga nezvazvo:
  • Chipimo: Huwandu hwekuwedzera chikafu hunowanzova 0.1% kusvika 0.3% (kureva, 1-3 kg patani yechikafu). Chipimo chaicho chinofanira kusarudzwa zvichibva pamiedzo tichitarisa mhando dzakarimwa, danho rekukura, kuumbwa kwechikafu, uye mamiriro ekunze emvura.
  • Hukama neCholine neBetaine: Choline nebetaine zvinotangira TMAO uye zvinogona kushandurwa kuita TMAO mumuviri. Zvisinei, hazvigone kutsiva TMAO zvizere nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwekushandura uye mabasa eTMAO anokwezva uye anosimbisa mapuroteni. Mukuita, anowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete.
  • Matambudziko Ekuwedzera Dose: Kuwedzera dose zvakanyanya (kupfuura dose dzinokurudzirwa) kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nemari uye kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa pane mamwe marudzi, asi parizvino inoonekwa seyakachengeteka padanho rekuwedzera renguva dzose.

IV. Pfupiso
Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate (TMAO·2H₂O) chinhu chinobatsira zvikuru, chinoshanda zvakawanda mukurima mombe chinobatanidza mabasa ekukwezva kudya, osmotic pressure regulation, protein stabilization, uye kuvandudza hutano hwemudumbu.

Kushandiswa kwayo hakungowedzere zvakananga mwero wekudya kwemhuka dzemumvura uye kukurumidza kukura kwayo asiwo kunowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekudya kwemhuka uye hutano hwezvisikwa nekuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba mumuviri uye kusimbisa kuramba kunetseka. Pakupedzisira, inopa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwehunyanzvi hwekuwedzera kugadzirwa, kushanda zvakanaka, uye kufambira mberi kwekurima hove. Mukudya kwemvura kwemazuva ano, kunyanya kudya hove dzemhando yepamusoro, kwave chinhu chakakosha.